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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgem | om toŋgo |
| 2SG: | toŋget | ot toŋgo |
| 3SG: | toŋga | ok/ogeš toŋgo |
| 1PL: | toŋgena | ona/ogə̑na toŋgo |
| 2PL: | toŋgeda | oda/ogə̑da toŋgo |
| 3PL: | toŋgat | ogə̑t toŋgo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑šə̑m | šə̑m toŋgo |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toŋgo |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑š | ə̑š toŋgo |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑šna | ə̑šna toŋgo |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑šda | ə̑šda toŋgo |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑št | ə̑št toŋgo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgenam | toŋgen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toŋgenat | toŋgen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toŋgen | toŋgen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toŋgenna | toŋgen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toŋgenda | toŋgen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toŋgenə̑t | toŋgen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgem ə̑l'e | om toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋget ə̑l'e | ot toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toŋgo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgem ulmaš | om toŋgo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋget ulmaš | ot toŋgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋga ulmaš | ok/ogeš toŋgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toŋgo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toŋgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgat ulmaš | ogə̑t toŋgo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgenam ə̑l'e | toŋgen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgenat ə̑l'e | toŋgen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgen ə̑l'e | toŋgen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgenna ə̑l'e | toŋgen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgenda ə̑l'e | toŋgen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgen ə̑l'e | toŋgen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgenam ulmaš | toŋgen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋgenat ulmaš | toŋgen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgen ulmaš | toŋgen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgenna ulmaš | toŋgen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgenda ulmaš | toŋgen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgen ulmaš | toŋgen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgo | it toŋgo |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑žo | ə̑nže toŋgo |
| 1PL: | (toŋgena) | (ona/ogə̑na toŋgo) |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑za | ida toŋgo |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toŋgo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑nem | ə̑nem toŋgo |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑net | ə̑net toŋgo |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑neže | ə̑než toŋgo |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑nena | ə̑nena toŋgo |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑neda | ə̑neda toŋgo |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑nešt | ə̑nešt toŋgo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toŋgo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net toŋgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než toŋgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda toŋgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toŋgo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toŋgə̑man |
| Active participle: | toŋgə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | toŋgə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toŋgə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | toŋgə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toŋgen |
| Negative gerund: | toŋgə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | toŋgə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toŋgə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toŋgə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toŋgə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | toŋgə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||